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It began deep in the Arctic Ocean, where the atmosphere is warming twice as fast as the rest of the earth. It was the changing climate over the North Pole that determined the outcome of the winter of 2014 in North America and around the world. Strong westerly winds sent extreme cold air from the top of the world all the way down to the tropics in an extraordinary event called the polar vortex.
In the United States on the south shore of Lake Erie is the city of Cleveland, Ohio. It’s a place often impacted by large winter weather systems. Around here, 70 inches of snow for the season is not unusual, and cities like Cleveland are well-prepared. However, the polar vortex is an even more dangerous winter weather event.
The polar vortex refers to the area of low pressure that sits over the pole that maintains an extremely dense layer of cold air. When the polar vortex gets displaced by factors such as climate change, that’s when the trouble starts. When the temperature over the North Pole warms, it weakens the polar vortex, causing the jet stream to veer off course. This is exactly what happens in 2014. Cold air breaks out of its Arctic grip and travels south, wreaking havoc on communities like Cleveland and even traveling as far south as India.
The polar vortex blasts its way south, bringing with it record-breaking low temperatures, high winds, heavy snow, and dangerously cold wind chills. In Europe, there are 20 times more deaths due to extreme cold events than to heat waves. And this is only 1% of total; in reality, the cold kills many more indirectly. In this episode, Betsy Kling, chief meteorologist at local television station WKYC, explains how Cleveland was affected by the deadly polar vortex of 2014 and how forecasting technology can help protect people from these events in the future.
One thing is certain: as the world warms due to the increased emission of greenhouse gases, the polar vortex will continue to become more unstable, and we will see an increase in these dangerous cold events. If humanity can adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we may have a chance to restore the temperature balance and keep the polar vortex at bay.
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