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-- TRANSCRIPT --
Thanks for stopping by, this is 2 minute classroom and today we are talking about Glycolysis.
Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, the process that ultimately produces the majority of your body’s energy.
Glycolysis literally means "splitting of sugar." In this case, our sugar is glucose. The process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and consists of a series of 10 chemical reactions that are divided into two main phases.
The first phase is the energy investment phase or preparatory phase.
This is where the cell puts in a bit of energy to kick start glycolysis. In this phase, two ATP molecules are used to “activate” glucose.
There are 5 steps in the preparatory phase, in each step, an enzyme modifies the sugar molecule. I won’t be going over each step in detail in this video, but will link to a resource in the description if you are interested. It is pretty fascinating.
In this preparatory phase an ATP is used in step 1 and an ATP is used in step 3.
At the end of this phase, the larger sugar molecule is split into two smaller sugar molecules, setting us up for the second phase, the payoff phase.
There are 5 more steps in this phase, each with their own enzyme to do all the work.
The payoff phase produces 4 ATP and 2 NADH for each glucose. NADH is another energy carrier that will come in handy later on in the cell's energy production journey. We end the payoff phase with 2 small sugar molecules called “Pyruvate” that will head into the next process in cellular respiration.
The crucial information to understand about glycolysis is that we start with one glucose molecule, add two ATP for the energy investment in the preparatory phase, and produce 4 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 Pyruvate molecules in the payoff phase. The ATP can be used for energy right away and the NADH and Pyruvate will be used later in cellular respiration. I also want to note that this is NOT the balanced chemical equation, just a helpful one for understanding glycolysis.
Thanks for watching, and I’ll catch you next time.