विवरण
The encirclement at Stalingrad began with Operation Uranus in November 1942, when Soviet forces launched powerful offensives north and south of the city, targeting the weaker Romanian and Italian armies guarding the German flanks. The breakthroughs linked up at Kalach, trapping more than 250,000 Axis troops inside the Stalingrad pocket. Despite repeated Soviet assaults, German forces were ordered to hold their positions while an airlift failed to provide adequate supplies and relief attempts fell short. After months of starvation, bitter winter fighting, and relentless attacks, the encircled forces surrendered in February 1943, marking one of the greatest turning points of World War II and shifting the strategic initiative on the Eastern Front to the Soviet Union.
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